The art of observation, from visual artworks to medical diagnosis: initial experience at Sapienza University of Rome

Even though arts represent a teaching tool, these have not traditionally been part of European medical education. Clinical diagnosis involves the observation, description and interpretation of visual data. These skills can be stimulated and trained by observing visual artworks. Nevertheless, how do we learn how to look? During the last years we are developing a project introducing arts within the medical core curriculum, from clinical anatomy to pathology. Firstly, selected artworks are shown during traditional lessons as clinical triggers or enhancers; on the other hand, art clinically focused exhibitions can be planned in the faculty/hospital. Secondly, we are experimenting a series of asynchronous video tutorials and mini-videos covering a wide range of clinical anatomy-related topics which are posted either in a social network and/or in an internet site. These videos include short introductory remarks and legends and cover a long time span. Artworks are chosen in order to be narrative in nature and rich in detail, thus stimulating reflection and self-discussion. Finally, thanks to a collaboration between Sant’Andrea university hospital and a museum we piloted an innovative experience with small-group interactive sessions focusing on the analysis of selected original paintings. This non-traditional format brings a new lens through which students can learn valuable visual skills, thus training the so called “clinical eye”, enhancing visual literacy. An art-based approach to teaching observational skills should be included continuously within the medical curriculum.